In our specialty, yield refers to the proportion of good chips produced out of the total number of chips fabricated on a wafer. Yield can be expressed as a percentage and is a measure of how well a fabrication process is working. High yield means that a large proportion of the chips produced on a wafer are functional and can be sold, while low yield means that a high proportion of the chips are defective and must be discarded. Improving yield is important for semiconductor manufacturers because it can lead to lower costs and higher profits. Factors that can affect yield include the complexity of the chip design, the quality of the equipment used in the fabrication process, and the skill and experience of the operators. Semiconductor manufacturing requires a mix of manufacturing methods such as photolithography, implant, deposition, which when combined means that it is almost impossible that every chip with be 100% defect free. Therefore a lot of testing takes place and the outcome of that is good and bad chips, hence yield being critical in the semiconductor industry.